Review of the Analysis and Design of Foot Over Bridge by Using Steel Truss and Girder for Seismic and Wind Conditions with Identifications of Software Applications

Abstract

A bridge is a structure that crosses a river, a valley, or a railway to connect one location to another. There are numerous kinds of bridges, including cantilever, cable-stayed, suspension, girder, deck slab, arch, and truss bridges. In any design, starting with a preliminary and detailed survey regarding bridge data, the loads that are primarily taken into account are dead load, live load, wind load, and seismic load. The methodologies that are accepted in software are modelling, material and section properties defined in software, assigning the material properties and section, boundary conditions applied, applied loading, analysis, and design. The software displays displacement, shear force, and moments. Starting with the deck slab, the loading mechanism moves up to the girder or steel truss, pier, and footing. There are various truss types accessible for design, including the K type, Howe, Pratt, and Warren. The review concludes that, while there are numerous materials available for bridge design, using cold-formed steel will lower project costs and FRP material, which will increase stiffness while reducing weight and strain. This review article applies to any study on the design of foot-over bridges, steel truss bridges, girders, and steel-truss bridges, materials suitable for bridges and their properties with experimental studies, software and load knowledge with codes, and additional research on this subject. The conclusion is that the steel truss may be replaced with a girder bridge when the steel truss is made with a tubular section and a Warren-type truss with material changes.