The Role of Biofuels in The Global Renewable Energy Landscape

Abstract

A Renewable Energy Source

Biofuels are among the most widely used renewable energy sources today. Derived from organic matter or waste, they offer a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels and help reduce carbon dioxide emissions. The core idea behind biofuels is to replace conventional fuels with those made from renewable plant materials or feedstocks that are more environmentally friendly. The two most common types of biofuels in use today are ethanol and biodiesel, both of which are part of the first generation of biofuel technology. Biofuels are often promoted as a cost-effective and eco-friendly alternative to petroleum, especially in light of rising oil prices and growing concerns about global warming. India began producing biofuels nearly a decade ago to decrease its dependence on imported oil and improve energy security. It is now one of the world’s largest producers of Jatropha oil, a key biodiesel source. In 2001, India launched a pilot program with a 5% ethanol blend (E5), followed by the National Mission on Biodiesel in 2003, aiming to achieve 20% biodiesel blending by 2011-2012. However, like many countries, India faced setbacks in its biofuel initiatives due to supply shortages and global concerns over food security. In response, the government introduced the National Policy on Biofuels in 2009, setting a non-mandatory target of 20% blending for both ethanol and biodiesel by 2017. This policy also outlined a comprehensive strategy and supportive measures to strengthen the biofuel program.