Cheating Detection and Prevention Techniques in Online System for University Examinations: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

With the advancement of technology and ICT, the mode of teaching and learning has been transformed from traditional classroom teaching to online education system. Accordingly, the evaluation method or examination system has also shifted towards online examination system and has been accepted almost universally. Due to increased access of online resources and their familiarity to most of the people around the world, the increasing cases of cheating inonline examination environment has given rise to a lot of challenges in ensuring academic integrity. The paper provides a comprehensive review of various types of cheating, common methods of cheating,cheating detection techniques and covers a wide range of technologies used to combat cheating including machine learning approaches, computer vision, network and system monitoring, technological tools and remote proctoring systems. The paper also discussed various cheating prevention techniques developed by different researchers including exam design, biometric authentication and authorization, policy making and their effectiveness in preventing various forms of cheating. The paper also includes a case study and real-world implementation of proctored based online examination system in a state university of Haryana, India. The on-ground implementation and challenges faced by the institution are covered in the case study. Furthermore, the paper provides the comparison of various research studies conducted in the field of online examination system, cheating detection and prevention techniques for online examinations. The paper also discussed the role of machine learning and artificial intelligence in enhancing the process of cheating detection and propose future directions for research in this area.