Performance Comparison of a W–T-Shaped Microstrip Patch Antenna Loaded with Dgs, Csrr and Fss Using Rogers and Fr-4 Substrates

Abstract

This paper presents the development of a modified microstrip patch antenna evolved from a U-shaped starting configuration into a W–T-shaped radiating structure. The design incorporates a Defected Ground Structure (DGS), Complementary Split Ring Resonator (CSRR), and Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) to modify the electromagnetic response and improve the overall antenna performance. The proposed structure is modeled and analyzed in ANSYS HFSS using two substrate implementations, namely Rogers and FR-4 epoxy. Based on the supplied HFSS results, the FR-4 implementation gives S11 = −21.8115 dB, VSWR = 1.3, gain = 5.78 dBi, and directivity = 8.51 dBi, whereas the Rogers implementation gives S11 = −15.2693 dB, VSWR = 1.7, gain = 8.59 dBi, and directivity = 8.62 dBi. The comparison indicates that the Rogers case provides higher gain and slightly higher directivity, while the FR-4 case provides the lower VSWR and deeper S11 value in the supplied results.