AI-Powered IoT-Integrated Voice-Controlled Smart Wheelchair with Multi-Sensor Navigation and Safety Features

Abstract

This research paper proposes the concept of a voice-controlled smart wheelchair that enables mobility, safety and independence for physically disabled persons. This smart wheelchair incorporates various hardware and software modules, including the Raspberry Pi Zero 2 Was the brain unit, into its framework to facilitate intelligent operation. A microphone unit is designed to recognize voice commands and process them through machine learning-based speech recognition technology to enable hands-free operation of the wheelchair. To ensure the safety of the user, a physical mushroom-type emergency stop button is integrated to instantly stop the wheelchair when pressed. The wheelchair movement components include 350 watts DC brushed motors and a strong structure to ensure smooth movement. The motor speeds can be regulated through the intelligent control unit to enable smooth and efficient movement within the indoor and outdoor environments. Location tracking in real time is provided through a GPS module, while in emergency situations, location updates are sent to caregivers using a GSM module. In addition, the text-to-speech feedback provides audio confirmation for system status and user commands, further improving usability for those users challenged by vision or physical capabilities. The power input shall be provided through a rechargeable lithium-ion battery pack with BMS and voltage regulation, allowing for continuous operation in a safe manner. Overall, the workflow that can be realized consists of system wake-up through a wake word, followed by voice command processing, safety validation, execution of motor control, GPS based location monitoring, and data logging for analysis. This assistive mobility in a smart wheelchair, as proposed, is cost effective, user-friendly, and safety-focused, showing in practice how to effectively incorporate voice control, embedded systems, and real-time communication technologies.