Investigation of Accident Causes, Risk Analysis and Enhancing Safety in Tower Crane Erection and Dismantling in Construction Sites

Abstract

Tower cranes play a critical role in modern construction, enabling efficient vertical material handling; however, their erection and dismantling phases remain some of the most hazardous operations on construction sites. This project investigates the root causes of accidents associated with these activities and conducts a systematic risk analysis to identify high-risk tasks, human-factor issues, equipment failures, and procedural gaps. Through the review of incident reports, expert interviews, and site observations, the study categorizes recurring hazards such as inadequate planning, improper sequencing, lack of competent personnel, environmental factors, and communication failures. A structured risk assessment methodology combining qualitative and semi-quantitative tools is applied to evaluate the likelihood and severity of potential failures during crane assembly and disassembly. Based on the resulting risk profiles, the project proposes enhanced safety measures that include improved work-planning frameworks, standardized erection/dismantling checklists, competency-based training programs, and real-time monitoring practices. Recommendations also focus on adopting advanced technologies such as sensor-based load monitoring, digital lifting plans, and automated safety alerts to reduce human error and strengthen hazard visibility. The integration of regulatory guidelines, industry best practices, and engineering controls forms the foundation of a comprehensive safety enhancement model. Ultimately, the project aims to support construction stakeholders in minimizing accidents, improving operational reliability, and fostering a proactive safety culture in tower crane erection and dismantling operations.