Numerical Investigation and Topology Optimization of Reinforcement Bars Using Finite Element Analysis

Abstract

Modern software systems often suffer from poor readability, high complexity, and increased technical debt Reinforcement bars are critical structural components that govern the strength, stiffness, and durability of reinforced concrete structures. Conventional solid reinforcement bars, although widely used, often result in excessive material consumption and increased construction cost. In the present study, a numerical investigation combined with topology optimization is carried out to improve material efficiency of reinforcement bars while maintaining structural performance. Tensile behavior of conventional solid reinforcement bars made of Fe500 steel, Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP), Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP), and Titanium is analyzed using SolidWorks Simulation under an applied tensile load of 10 kN. Topology optimization is subsequently performed with constraints on maximum displacement and material reduction. Based on the optimization results, an optimized hollow reinforcement bar geometry is developed and subjected to tensile analysis. Furthermore, the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beams using conventional solid and optimized hollow reinforcement bars is evaluated numerically using ANSYS. Stress distribution, deformation behavior, and material cost are compared. The results demonstrate that optimized hollow reinforcement bars exhibit comparable tensile and flexural performance to solid bars while achieving significant material and cost savings, highlighting their suitability for sustainable construction applications.