Safety Risk Analysis of Scaffolding Erection Using Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) in Construction Projects

Abstract

Scaffolding erection is a critical activity in construction projects, yet it carries significant safety risks due to work-at-height operations, structural instability, material handling, and exposure to changing site conditions. To address these challenges, this study focuses on the Safety Risk Analysis of Scaffolding Erection Using Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) in Construction Projects. FMEA is applied as a systematic and preventive approach to identify potential failure modes within scaffolding tasks, assess their consequences, and prioritize risk-reduction strategies. The analysis involves breaking down the scaffolding erection process into sequential activities and evaluating possible failures such as inadequate foundation preparation, improper component installation, absence of guardrails, overloading, and insufficient inspections. Each failure mode is assessed using Severity, Occurrence, and Detection ratings to calculate the Risk Priority Number (RPN), which helps determine the most critical hazards requiring immediate attention. The results reveal that high-risk factors are primarily associated with fall hazards, unstable structures, faulty materials, and inadequate worker training. Based on the high RPN scores, the study recommends targeted mitigation measures including improved supervision, regular scaffold inspections, use of certified materials, proper anchorage and bracing, worker competency programs, and adherence to safety regulations. The findings demonstrate that applying FMEA enhances hazard visibility, supports proactive decision-making, and significantly improves safety performance during scaffolding erection. This approach contributes to reducing accidents, ensuring regulatory compliance, and promoting a stronger safety culture within construction projects.